Anita Desai is a powerful and persuasive voice among the Indian novelists cut off from their ethnic roots. A close study of Anita Desai's works reveals her struggle for female autonomy played out against the backdrop of the patriarchal cultural pattern. Her protagonists … are constantly confronted with the stupendous task of defining their relation to themselves and to their immediate human context. (Mehta: 1999:36) The process of alienation and rehabilitation involves a three tier operation, viz, construction, and reconstruction. For example, when a man is ready to migrate, his beliefs, responses, attitudes, behavior pattern, etc, have already had a shape according to the systems of the place to which he or she belongs. This is construction phase. Then, he or she migrates to the new place which has its own life style. So the immigrant has to first deconstruct what is constructed and then reconstruct according to the life pattern of the new place. This three tier operation can also be seen as follows: one, the departure from the root place and arrival at the new one; two, recognition and Reassociation with the new place; three, rehabilitation and reassimilation with the new place. Then, there are three basic factors which obstruct or facilitate the completion of the process of rehabilitation, viz, the scale of sensitivity, the previous Sanskars and the conditions at the rehabilitation phase. In Bye-Bye Blackbird Anita Desai has dealt with this complex problem of alienation. The novel is mainly woven round two groups of characters, viz, Adit Sen, his English wife Sarah, and Adit's Indian friend Dev; and the two Indian couples-Jasbir-Mala, Sammar-Bella. A careful reading of the novel shows that there has been no problem in the process of deconstruction, reconstruction and rehabilitation of Sammar, a Doctor, and his sweet wife Bella; Jasbir, an
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The aim of this study is to spatio-temporal dimensions of diasporic subjectivity by making use of Foucauldian heterotopia ,heterochrony ,power and self-technologies. This study analyses diasporic subjectification in "Bye-Bye Blackbird" by Anita Desai .In consideration of the roots of diaspora,heterotopic diaspora space ,subjectivity ,self and power technologies are put into practice in the analysis of this novel. Anita Desai"s "Bye-Bye Blackbird" is from different generation of writer whose parent has root in India ,and his either immigrated to or been brought up in Britain .The creative work select for this paper is representation of the generation concern of the south Asian Diaspora in Britain .This novel uncover authentic apprehension about diasporic subjectification, and quests for individuality in addition to depicting the major issues in the real lives of south Indian Diasporians. The work examines in this paper include characters from different generations whose understanding of homeland ,trauma of dislocation, perception of the major culture ,sense of belonging ,cross-cultural experience and assimilation into western metropolitan centre are different .In "Bye-Bye Blackbird" ,the first generation diasporian identity crisis ,causes by displacement and separation from their homeland and discussed in relation to Adit and Dev.
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is undoubtedly a distinguished novelist on the contemporary commonwealth literary scene. In an era of rapid social changes, she has played a vital role in defining female selfhood by focusing on predicaments and dilemmas faced by Indian women in cross-cultural conflicts. Her novels have a deep cultural significance as she successfully captures, in them, the transitional phases of the continuously changing roles of contemporary women in India. In Bye-Bye Blackbird Anita Desai treats the theme of human predicament resulting from the cultural hybridity, cross-cultural conflicts, alienation etc. In this novel, she very successfully portrays the problems of Indian immigrants to England. She presents this dilemma of the Indian immigrants in England through the story of Adit, an Indian immigrant, who comes to England and marries a British girl Sarah. Now, this interracial marriage becomes the cause of confrontation between their different cultures. Sarah feels as if she has been sandwiched by the forces of these Occidental and Oriental cultures. The character of Dev represents Indians' hatred of British culture. In the beginning, Dev is very much disappointed at the racial discrimination by the British people who show their disrespect for Indian immigrants, but by and by there appears a gradual change in the behavior of Adit and Dev as the novel progresses. It is Sarah who takes the initial step of breaking the code of British culture when she marries a black Asian. We know she belongs to the West whose people think of themselves to be refined in their culture. The three major characters Dev, Adit and Sarah are obliged to face the problem of adjustment and readjustment in London. Now, this predicament of the three people is taken as a work of God on mythical plane, from the point of view of India.
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Literature is one of the most prevailing and ancient ways of understanding life as well as the world. Especially women and literature are clearly related to each other because women writings revealed the true state of society and its treatment of women. Unlike other writers Anita Desai didn't use conventional and not influenced by folk tales, myths and epics but presented her novels in realistic manner by adapting current problems related to woman-man relationship, cultural conflicts, disposition, mangled psyche and marital maladjustment. Bye-Bye Black bird is such a novel. The story deals with two main characters Dev and Adit in London. Adit an Anglophile turns into a hopeless nostalgic returnee and Dev an Anglophobe turns into a hopeful Anglicized inhabitant of London. Sarah, an English woman, moves away from her parents and marries Adit. The Conflict idea between the Indianess of Adit and Sarah's own Westernself runs in her mind throughout the novel. This paper mainly aims to analyze marital maladjustment in Anita Desai's Bye-Bye Black Bird."
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university of M'sila
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Alienation is an unavoidable aspect of modern life. Nevertheless, it is as old as human beings themselves. The analysis of the interaction between the two sides (the oppressors - the oppressed, thesis-antithesis) sheds lights on the emergence of alienation and the ways it exists. The outhors most of whom have experienced the feelings of alienation in the consequence of their culture having been colonized try to explain this relationship through novels and short stories. A daughter of an immigrant couple, Jhumpa Lahiri is one of these postcolonial writers who have been torn between the two cultures. The Namesake, her first novel, skillfully reflects the situation of the diaspora and the feeling of alienation through its Bengali immigrant couple and their son, Gogol. Lahiri lays down certain types of alienation through her characters’ lives adventures. Characters from The Namesake show some certain symptoms of having experienced the feeling of alienation in various form. Considering t.
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SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH
Cultural Shock is a phenomenon which is generally experienced by the migrants whether they migrate for jobs, studies or in case of women, after marriage. Anita Desai has dealt with Cultural Shock in her novels along with other major themes. Anita Desai is one of the pioneers of Indian English Literature. Her novels are replete with themes of Cultural hybridity, alienation, nostalgia cross-cultural clashes etc. These themes are studied under the gamut of theme of Cultural Shock which forms a prominent theme of Desai’s novels. The characters she potrays in her novels undergo a transition from one culture to another wherein they receive this Cultural Shock because the new culture appears to them completely alien and contradictory to their opionions. Critics have often praised her for her lucid writing style and fecundity of thought in various books, edited volumes and research articles. However, the theme of Cultural Shock explicitly expressed in her novels has not caught the attention.
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Ever since Post-Colonial literatures have come into existence, the writers were trying to create a new form of fiction within the English language by incorporating new images and above all new rhythms. One of the major features of postcolonial texts is the concern with place and displacement, shifting of location and resulting in " the crisis of identity into being" (Bill Ashcroft and et al., 47).Often, the protagonist of a post-colonial work will find himself/herself in a struggle to establish an identity; feeling conflicted between two cultures-one his own native culture and the other an alien culture. Therefore, a central theme in post-colonial writing is the transformation of the native into something other than himself-a Westernized native, or at least one who is in a crisis regarding his/her own cultural identity. Here, there is always a tension between wanting to belong to the new society yet wanting to retain the culture of the old one. One of the major concerns in postcolonial literature is the problem of displacement and its consequences. Uprooting from one's own culture and land and the agonies of rerouting in an alien land are depicted in many postcolonial works. This paper is an attempt to discuss the postcolonial dilemmas faced by the characters in Kiran Desai's novel The Inheritance of Loss. They often face the problem of identity and alienation and become frustrated at the end. Even when they come back to their own country, like the Judge in the novel, they develop a sense of distrust and anger. They are in a state of confusion from which they will find it difficult to come out. The paper will mainly focus on the postcolonial experiences of Jemubhai Patel, the Judge and Biju, the son of the Judge's cook who eventually supposed to have found out happiness in the reunion with his father, though he has lost all that he earned from his brief time in America.
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Journal for Research Scholars and Professionals of English Language Teaching
The present paper will try to analyze Kiran Desai’s Booker winning novel The Inheritance of Loss as story dealing primarily about the problems of migration faced by her characters, their tensions and dilemmas. One of the major concerns of diasporic literature is the problem of exile, displacement and the resulting consequences. Uprooting from one’s own home land is an agonizing process that brings numerous material and emotional traumas in the process of rerooting in an alien land. The characters are often victims of circumstances and by the time they realize the problems, they are exhausted, miserable and frustrated. Even when they come back after their traumatic experiences, like the Judge in the novel, they often develop a sense of distrust and anger. They are in a state of confusion from which they find it difficult to come out. The paper will focus on the experiences of some of the characters in the novel – Jemubhai Patel, the Judge, and Biju, the son of Judge’s cook who is the central character of the novel. The book seems to suggest that true happiness does not lie in material wealth or comforts, but in one’s own dignity, identity and sense of belonging. In the novel, the characters especially Biju has to undergo a number of traumatic experiences that brought a lot of material loss, but he has a spiritual gain- the realization of what brings true joy in life.
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